ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Muscular atrophy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. In such cases, protein degradation isincreased and protein synthesisis decreased. MuRF1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which has been identified as a mediator of skeletal muscle wasting in various skeletal muscle atrophy models, and its expression is upregulated in atrophy. Exercise training has been suggested as one of the treatment strategies for muscular atrophy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of resistance training on MuRF1 gene expression in muscular atrophy in streptozotocin-diabetic wistar rats
Material and Methods: Thirty six male Wister rats [288 +/- 22 g] were randomly divided into four groups: nondiabetic control, non-diabetic trained, diabetic control and diabetic trained. The exercise groups were subjected to a resistance training program using a ladder [3 days/wk, for 4 wk]. MuRF1 mRNA level was measured in Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle using Real-Time PCR. The results were studied by statistical methods
Results: MuRF1 gene expression was increased in rats with diabetes [p=0.001]; resistance training diminished the skeletal muscle wasting in diabetic rats [p=0.002] by inhibiting MuRF1 gene expression
Conclusion: This study indicates that short term resistance training can overcome diabetes-induced atrophy in rats. Whether this kind of training might be a good way for countering atrophy in other diseases with similar catabolic situation to diabetes remains to be elucidated
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Many studies have shown that the exercise has preventive effects on breast cancer. The objective of this study was assessment the effects of prophylactic and adjuvant therapy of endurance training on tissue IL-6 levels in mice with breast cancer
Material and Methods: Forty female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned to Exercise-Tumor-Exercise [ETE], Exercise-Tumor-Rest[ETR], Rest-Tumor-Exercise [RTE] and Rest-Tumor-Rest [RTR] groups. After adaptation in the environment, two groups of mice performed continuous endurance training [8 weeks; %55- 85 VO2 max], and cancer cells were injected to all of them. Then, one group of trained and one group o non-trained mice continued the endurance training [6 weeks; %55-70 VO2 max]. Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper weekly. Finally, the mice were sacrificed, tumor sample was homogenized and levels of IL-6 were measured by ELISA method
Results: There was significant difference [P=0.0001] in the IL-6 level among the groups performed endurance exercise after malignancy [RTE and ETE] and groups not performed [ETR and RTR]. These results had with tumor growth rate [P=0.0001] in the IL-6 level among the groups performed endurance exercise after malignancy [RTE and ETE] and groups not performed [ETR and RTR]. These results had with tumor growth rate [P=0.0001]
Conclusions: Intratumoral inflammation reaction leads to the progression and metastasis of cancer cells and the decrease of tumor volume in exercise groups is related to the decrease of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6. Finally the endurance training can be effective as a non-pharmaceutical method in prophylaxis and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer
ABSTRACT
Exposure to Air pollution PM10 results in lung inflammation increased risk of lung cancer. Regular aerobic exercise improves the inflammatory status in different lung diseases. However, the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the pulmonary response to PM10 have not been investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory and risk of lung cancer of rat exposed to PM10 carbon black. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: A: control [without exposure PM10 and aerobic exercise; n = 6], B: aerobic exercise [five times per week for 4 weeks; n = 6], C: exposure to PM10 carbon black [5 mg/m3; per rat; n = 6], D: and aerobic exercise concomitantly with exposure to PM10 carbon black [n = 6]. The gene expression of TLR4, NF- kappa B and TNF-alpha were analyzed in lung tissue by Real time-PCR. In order to determine the significant differences between groups, one way ANOVA and LSD post hoc and Kruskal-Vallis test were used. Aerobic exercise inhibited the PM10 -induced increase in the gene expression of TLR4, NF- kappa B and TNF-alpha. But there was significant different only between B and C groups for TNF-alpha and NF- kappa B [P = 0.047, 0.014, respectively]. We conclude that four week aerobic exercise presents protective effects in a rat model of PM10 carbon black-induced lung inflammation and risk of lung cancer. Our results indicate a need for human studies that evaluate the lung Responses to aerobic exercise chronically performed in polluted areas
ABSTRACT
Regular aerobic exercise improves the inflammatory status in different lung diseases. However, the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the lung response have not been investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory. 12 adult male Wistar rats were divided to 2 groups: A: control [n=6], B: aerobic exercise [five times per week for 4 week; n=6]. The gene expression of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha were analyzed in lung tissue by Real time-PCR. In order to determine the significant differences between groups independent t-test were used. Aerobic exercise inhibited the gene expression of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha. But there was no significant difference between A and B groups for TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB. We conclude that four week aerobic exercise decrease inflammatory status in lung tissue. Our results indicate a need for human studies that evaluate the lung responses to aerobic exercise
ABSTRACT
Endurance training has an important role in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of endurance training on miR-155 expression, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 [STAT[3]] gene expression, and interleukin 6 [IL-6] protein in breast cancer tumor in mice. In this study, 16 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into exercise-tumor [ET] and rest-tumor [RT] groups. The mice were oriented in the environment and one million estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells [MC4L2] were injected into each mouse. Subsequently, the ET group performed endurance exercise, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper weekly. Finally, the mice were sacrificed and tumor tissue was removed and kept in -70[degree]C. Then, RNA was extracted by the Trizol protocol and complementary DNA [cDNA] was synthesized according to guidelines of the Kit Company. Consequently, the real-time PCR method was performed and data was collected. Significant differences were observed between the ET and RT groups in the STAT[3] gene expression, miR-155 expression, and IL-6 protein [P < 0.05]. These results were consistent with tumor growth rate. Exercise can reduce miR-155 expression, STAT[3] gene expression, and IL-6 protein in tumor tissue. Due to the reduction in miR-155 expression, STAT[3] gene expression, and IL-6 protein in the ET group, it can be claimed that endurance training can be used as adjuvant therapy by decreasing of oncogenic and inflammation factors
Subject(s)
Cytokine Receptor gp130 , Interleukin-6 , Gene Expression , Exercise Therapy , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental , Breast NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Every type of exercises could lead to different immune responses in human body. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of endurance exercises [EE], resistance exercises [RE] and concurrent exercises [CE] on serum interleukin-17 [IL-17] concentrations and number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in active men.
Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy young and active men [Age: 21.69 +/- 2.66; BMI: 21.92 +/- 1.89; Fat%: 14.49 +/- 3.05] voluntarily participated in this study and randomly were assigned into three groups: EE [n=7], RE [n=6] and CE [n=7]. Subjects performed special exercise protocol for each group consisted of 45 minute. IL-17 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA method and so numbers of some classes of leukocytes were computed [Pre, immediate and 1 hour post-exercises]. Data were analyzed using Repeated-Measures analysis of variance, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc and Paird T-test at the significance level of a=0.05
Results: Changes in the serum levels of interleukin-17 was significantly different between groups immediately after exercise and 1 h post-exercise. Also, lymphocytes and neutrophils numbers 1 h post-exercise and monocytes and neutrophils numbers, 1 h post-exercise compared to basal levels were significantly different between three exercise groups, respectively [p<0.05].
Conclusion:Type of exercise has an effective role in IL-17, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes responses. Based on changes pattern of serum IL-17 in groups, it seems that CE can modify the effects of RE and EE.